Cement industry – Associated emissions, environmental issues and measures for the control of the emissions
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Feb 12, 2022
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Abstract
The cement industry though the backbone of modern construction and civilization is associated with the emission of diverse atmospheric pollutants with numerous attendant effects on the balance of ecosystem, human and environmental health and the global climate in general. Despite the huge advantages derivable from the industry, exploitation and processing of cement must be done in a sustainable manner to prevent irreversible damage to human, animal and vegetation health as well as the environment. Research papers were reviewed from different databases like ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google scholar, and Scopus the chief air pollutants are the inorganic gaseous emissions (carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulphur SO2), particulates of various size ranges and elemental emissions. The present study carries out holistic review of the cement production process with a view to identifying the principal air pollutants, sources and associated environmental issues. The study also reviews the pollution control measures currently in use and calls for a concerted effort from researchers, industry operators and regulators at working to reduce emissions with a view to upholding environmental sustainability.
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References
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[9] K. Perera et al., “Cement Industry in Sri Lanka,” JOURNAL OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, vol. 1, 2020.
[10] C. Geankoplis, Transport Processe and Unit Operations. Prentice-Hall International. Inc., 2001.
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[12] B. S. Fakinle, E. L. Odekanle, A. P. Olalekan, H. E. Ije, D. O. Oke, and J. A. Sonibare, “Air pollutant emissions by anthropogenic combustion processes in Lagos, Nigeria,” Cogent Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1808285, 2020.
[13] Air Quality Resources, “Concern for the Environment: air Quality in the Cement and Construction Industry.” 2011.
[14] P. O. Ukaogo and C. V Onwuka, “Environmental pollution : causes , ef- fects , and the remedies Exploring the Potential and Opportu- nities of Current Tools for Removal of Hazardous Materials From Environ- ments Societal Responsibility and Economic Viability,” 2020.
[15] F. B. Elehinafe, O. B. Okedere, B. S. Fakinle, and J. A. Sonibare, “The impacts of outdoor concentration of nitrogen dioxide on its indoor level,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 1734, no. 1, p. 12027.
[16] A.-M. Drăgulinescu et al., “IoT-based Smart Water Management Systems,” in 2021 IEEE 27th International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME), 2021, pp. 51–56.
[17] L. Sivachandiran, F. Thévenet, P. Gravejat, and A. Rousseau, “Isopropanol saturated TiO2 surface regeneration by non-thermal plasma: influence of air relative humidity,” Chemical engineering journal, vol. 214, pp. 17–26, 2013.
[18] J. Mateo-Sagasta, S. M. Zadeh, and H. and J. B. Turral, “Water pollution from agriculture: a global review.” the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome and the International Water Management Institute on behalf of the Water Land and Ecosystems research program Colombo, 2017.
[19] A. H. Olabisi, “Pollution and Pollution Control in Cement Industry,” University of Lagos, 2021.
[20] M. Thiery, G. Villain, P. Dangla, and G. Platret, “Investigation of the carbonation front shape on cementitious materials: Effects of the chemical kinetics,” Cement and concrete research, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 1047–1058, 2007.
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[22] U. S. Arachchige, A. Amakm, B. Balasuriya, K. Chathumini, N. P. Dassanayake, and J. W. Devasurendra, “Environmental pollution by cement industry,” International Journal of Research, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 631–635, 2019.
[23] C. C. Ikeagwuani and D. C. Nwonu, “Emerging trends in expansive soil stabilisation: A review,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 423–440, 2019.
[24] S. Mishra and N. A. Siddiqui, “A Review On Environmental and Health Impacts Of Cement Manufacturing Emissions,” no. June, 2014.
[25] S. P. Dunuweera, “Cement Types , Composition , Uses and Advantages of Nanocement , Environmental Impact on Cement Production , and Possible Solutions,” vol. 2018, 2018.
[26] K. C. Onyelowe et al., “Recycling and reuse of solid wastes; a hub for ecofriendly, ecoefficient and sustainable soil, concrete, wastewater and pavement reengineering,” International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 440–451, 2019.
[27] R. Biswas and B. Rai, “Efficiency concepts and models that evaluates the strength of concretes containing different supplementary cementitious materials,” Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 18–32, 2019.
[28] L. Souza, “Environmental analyze of cement production with application of wastes,” no. December, 2017, doi: 10.22409/engevista.v19i4.913.
[29] R. Siddique, J. Khatib, and I. Kaur, “Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review,” Waste management, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1835–1852, 2008.
[30] D. A. M. Osman, O. Nur, and M. A. Mustafa, “Reduction of energy consumption in cement industry using zinc oxide nanoparticles,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 32, no. 6, p. 4020124, 2020.
[31] C. Jantzen, A. Johnson, D. Read, and J. A. Stegemann, “Cements in waste management,” vol. 7605, no. 4, pp. 225–231, 2010, doi: 10.1680/adcr.2010.22.4.225.
[32] J. Briffa, E. Sinagra, and R. Blundell, “Heliyon Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. August, p. e04691, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691.
[33] M. A. Atieh, Y. Ji, and V. Kochkodan, “Metals in the Environment : Toxic Metals Removal,” vol. 2017, pp. 2–4, 2017.
[34] S. Kesarwani and A. James, “Effect of air pollution on human health problems residents living around the cement plant, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 507–510, 2017.
[35] International Finance Corporation, Increasing the use of alternative fuels at cement plants: International best practice. World Bank, 2017.
[36] C. Wan, G. Q. Shen, and S. Choi, “Waste Management Strategies for Sustainable Development,” pp. 1–9, 2019.