Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis

A STUDY OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL

2024-08-03T05:50:31+00:00

Patients with chronic kidney disease experience decreased kidney function (as an organ of elimination) and receive various drugs, so they are susceptible to Drug Related Problems (DRP). This study aimed to identify the type of potential DRP and analyzed the influence of gender, age, number of drugs, co-morbidities and length of stay on the incidence of DRP in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients. This study was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. The subjects of the study were chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hospitalization at a hospital in Surakarta at 2016-2021. The incidence of DRP was analyzed descriptively using the PCNE V9.1 algorithm, while the associations between risk factors and the incidence of DRP was analyzed statistically using the Fisher’s Exact Test. Data were obtained from 54 patients whose progress was followed up through medical record. The results showed that 36 patients (66.67%) had DRP while 18 patients (33.33%) did not. In the Problem category there were 22 events while in the Cause category there were 34 events. The results of statistical analysis using the Fisher's Exact Test showed that there were no significant associations between the risk factors (gender, age, number of drugs, number of co-morbidities, length of stay) and the incidence of DRP in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients.

FORMULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF FACE TONER EXTRACT PREPARATION FROM 70% ETHANOL OF CUCUMBER FRUIT (Cucumis sativus L.)

2024-08-03T05:50:30+00:00

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a natural ingredient with potential therapeutic properties for addressing various skin-related problems. The study aims to identify a suitable formulation for a facial toner extract that exhibits favourable physical properties as determined by organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and hedonic testing. The present study employed an experimental approach to produce a 70% ethanol extract of cucumber fruit through the maceration method, utilising 70% ethanol solvent. Subsequently, the extract derived from the cucumber fruit developed four formulas to prepare face toners. The concentrations of these formulas were designated as F0 (0%), FI (0.5%), F2 (1%), F3 (1.5%), and F4 (utilising brand x toner as a positive control). The physical evaluation test yielded the fulfilment of the physical criteria for the toner, encompassing the organoleptic, homogeneous, pH, and hedonic tests. The IC₅₀ values obtained from the antioxidant activity test conducted on face toner preparations containing cucumber fruit extract at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% were found to be 128 ppm, 91.017 ppm, and 62.218 ppm, respectively. The SPSS analysis reveals a significant difference in the IC₅₀ value among the various formulas. Specifically, F3 exhibits a smaller IC₅₀ value than the other formulas, indicating a stronger antioxidant activity. It is important to note that a smaller IC₅₀ value indicates a stronger antioxidant activity. The study's findings suggest a positive correlation existing between the extract's concentration and its antioxidant activity, specifically, the extract denoted as F and administered at a concentration of 1.5%.

MIGRATION INHIBITION ACTIVITY BY METHANOL EXTRACT Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. ON 4T1 BREAST CANCER

2024-08-03T05:50:30+00:00

The prevalence of breast cancer cases in Indonesia is increasing along with the ability of cancer cells to migrate or move from the primary tumor mass and form new colonies elsewhere. The migration of cancer cells has encouraged the develop anticancer drugs from natural ingredients. Waru leaves have been shown to have cytotoxic activity. This study aims to determine the inhibition activity of migration of breast cancer cells 4T1 from methanol extract of waru leaves. Waru leaves methanol extract was obtained using the maceration method. Cytotoxic test of methanol extract of waru leaves (MEWL) was the migration test used in the scratch wound healing method at concentrations 162.5, 325, and 650 μg/mL at 0, 18, 24, and 42 hours after treatment. Analysis of IC₅₀ using linear regression, while large areas were analyzed using Image-J software. The percentage of data closure was analyzed statistically with the Anova Repeated Measure test. All concentrations of Methanol Extract of Waru Leaves had significant inhibition of cell migration (p<0,05) compared to control at each observation time at 0, 18, 24, and 42 hours after treatment. So, MEWL is able to inhibit migration in 4T1 cells

USE D-OPTIMAL MIXTURE DESIGN IN FORMULATION OF ONCHIDIID SLUG (ONCHIDIUM TYPHAE) INSTANT POWDER AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS

2024-08-03T05:50:29+00:00

Onchidiid slug (Onchidium typhae) is an animal with bioactive compounds with high nutritional value and the potential to be used as a functional food product. The study aimed to optimize the onchidiid slug instant powder formula, analyze its proximate content, and determine its hedonic level. The formula of instant powder was made with a comparison of the composition of maltodextrin and dextrose based on the run in the D-Optimal Mixture Design (DMD) program, namely run 1 (20%:10%), run 2 (10%:20%), run 3 (13.33%: 16.67%), run 4 (16.67%:13.33%), run 5 (15%:15%), run 6 (12.5%:17.5%), run 7 (10%: 20%), run 8 (20%:10%). The powder is tested for water content and dissolution time, and the optimal formula is analyzed using One Sample T-Test in SPSS. The results showed that the composition of maltodextrin and dextrose significantly affected the characteristics of instant powder. The optimal instant powder formula combines 18.690% maltodextrin and 11.310% dextrose with a water content of 4.892% and a soluble time of 118.052 seconds. The results of statistical analysis in verifying the optimal formula show a p-value > 0.05 (not significant). The results of the proximate content test were 8.21% water content, 0.42% ash content, 0.85% crude fiber, 3.54% protein, and 1.54%. They had a preference level in the like and acceptable in terms of color, taste, texture, and scent.

EFFECT OF CHITOSAN CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRACT ETHANOLIC OF BAY LEAF (Syzygium polyanthum) NANOPARTICLE PREPARED BY CROSS-LINKING METHODS

2024-08-03T05:50:29+00:00

Chitosan is a natural cationic polysaccharide that could form bonds with negatively charged polyanions like sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a crosslinker. One of the important factors to develop nanoparticles is the concentration of polymer. The increased polymer concentration will increase the viscosity of the solution formed, and the size of the nanoparticles created will increase. However, if the amount of polymer is too small, the particles formed are smaller, and aggregation could be formed. In this study, the ethanolic extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) was used as a drug that has a potent anti-dyslipidemia effect by lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Studies on the ethanolic extract of a bay leaf as an anti-dyslipidemia are still limited. The objective of this research was an investigate effect of the chitosan concentration used 0.6 mg/ml (F1); 1mg/ml (F2); and 1.4 mg/ml (F3) on the physical characteristics of ethanolic extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) nanoparticles (NSPs) prepared by cross-linking methods. The result of particle size evaluation showed that the particle size was 665.1 nm ± 14.71 (F1); 180.1 nm ± 0.5; and 221.35 nm ± 1.91 (F3), while the polydispersity index F1, F2, and F3 were 0.773 ± 0.152; 0.220 ± 0.016; and 0.212 ± 0.024 respectively. The results of this study found F2 was the most optimal chitosan concentration with particle size under 200 nm, and polydispersity index under 0.5 with positive ζ-potential value. In conclusion, chitosan concentration showed has an effect on the physical characteristics of the nanoparticles.

COMPARISON OF FORECASTING DRUG NEEDS USING TIME SERIES METHODS IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2024-08-03T05:50:28+00:00

Drug planning is essential to ensure the fulfillment of the right type, amount, and time criteria. Forecasting can be utilized during the planning stage to predict future drug needs. Perfect forecasting is impossible due to uncertainties in various factors, necessitating selecting the best method. This study aimed to identify the optimal forecasting method for healthcare facilities based on the smallest Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) values obtained from forecasting results using time series methods like Single Moving Average (SMA), Weight Moving Average (WMA), (Single Exponential Smoothing) SES, Double Exponential Smoothing (DES), and Triple Exponential Smoothing (TES). This research involved a descriptive observational study with retrospective data and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda served as the data sources. Nine articles meeting the eligibility criteria were employed. The findings revealed that the SES, DES, and TES methods produced forecasts with MAPE values below 10%, indicating highly accurate forecasting. The MAPE values for the SMA and WMA methods were less than 50%, which is still acceptable. Therefore, the ES methods, particularly SES, are highly recommended for accurate drug planning. Forecasting accuracy factors include data stability, pattern consistency, and smoothing constants. The SES method emerged as the best forecasting method, generating the smallest MAD, MSE, and MAPE values compared to other methods, falling below 10%, reflecting highly accurate forecasting.

STUDENT OF PHARMACY, NURSE, PUBLIC HEALTH, NUTRITIONIST AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION READINESS TOWARD INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (IPE)

2024-08-16T05:52:04+00:00

The implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) into higher education curricula is a significant method for creating professionals with the skills necessary for interprofessional collaboration (IPC), including those in the health sciences, nursing, pharmacy, and nutrition. Due to the changes in health services, which are becoming more integrated, it is vital to have the capacity for interprofessional collaboration. The readiness of the pupils for IPE must be assessed before to its implementation in order to identify the subjects that should be highlighted at that time. This research is a cross-sectional study using descriptive analysis method. The distribution of respondents was as all in 4th semester students, consist of department of Pharmacy (n=92), department of Nursing (n=88), department of Public Health (n=95), department of Nutrition (n=66) and department of Physical Education (n=42) in Faculty of Health Sciences. Questionnaire data collection was carried out online. The independent variable that is measured is the student's readiness for Interprofessional Education. The results findings there is a significant difference between the readiness of students in Nurse department and students of all department. The nurse department received the highest score (score = 68.47) and the Health Education received the lowest score (score = 65.59). But all department receive score > 80% of the total score. There is still room for improvement in the areas related to the value of learning together in practical situations

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF FLAVONOIDS FROM SECANG WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan L.) AGAINST GLUCOKINASE ENZYME AS ANTIDIABETIC CANDIDATES

2024-08-16T05:52:03+00:00

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic glucose production. Secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is known to have antihyperglycemic activity. However, these compounds are not yet known. In silico studies are needed to determine the compounds that act as antidiabetics. This study performed molecular docking of flavonoid compounds in sappan wood against the 1V4S glucokinase receptor. The results showed that all flavonoid compounds of sappan wood were predicted to have antidiabetic activity because they had a lower docking score than metformin, the first-line therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Butein is expected to have the best activity. It has the lowest docking score (-94.4836). Visualization of the docking results shows that butein interacts with the identical amino acid residues as metformin, namely ARG 63 and THR 65, through the formation of hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions. SWISS-ADME web tool predicted that butein has good oral absorption and excretion. The toxicity prediction tool showed a slight contradiction in the mutagenic effect. Based on this research, molecular docking may be able to design new drugs, especially from butein in sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.), as antidiabetic candidates.

POTENTIAL INHIBITION OF AKT1 AND P53 PROTEIN IN COLON CANCER BY GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES COMPOUND WITH MOLECULAR DOCKING APPROACH

2024-09-01T05:53:33+00:00

Colon cancer is a degenerative disease that attacks the large intestine through a process of initiation, promotion and progression. Related research reports that overexpression of the AKT1 protein was found to be 60-70% and p53 at 50%. This research analyses the affinity, stability and interaction of gallic acid derivative compounds and reference ligands with the target proteins AKT1 and p53 by molecular docking. The study stages carried out include preparation and optimisation of target proteins and ligand compounds, file creation and simulation processes, and analysis and visualisation of docking results. The docking simulation results show that four gallic acid derivative compounds provide potential inhibitory activity against the AKT1 and p53 proteins based on binding energy values. BG and 2HBG compounds have strong inhibitory power against target proteins, thus enabling the formation of strong interactions and complexity towards the active site of amino acids with a bond distance of <3.0 Å. Thus, gallic acid derivative compounds have potential as inhibitors and are expected to activate other proteins, causing cancer cell apoptosis.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORN SILK EXTRACT AGAINST DENTAL CARIES-CAUSING BACTERIA AND ITS FORMULATION IN MOUTHWASH PREPARATION

2024-10-04T14:55:49+00:00

Indonesia is undergoing a dental caries emergency with a prevalence of 51.1% (Riskesdas, 2018). This may cause tooth decay due to dental plaque bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. Mouthwash can be a solution because it has antibacterial properties and reaches interspaces on the teeth. Unfortunately, the active ingredient of mouthwash, chlorhexidine, can cause cancer-related mutations if used continuously. Therefore, it requires alternatives to natural ingredients, such as corn silk. The research aims to determine the corn silk phytochemical profile and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus mutans. The research started by macerating corn silk simplicia using 70% ethanol. Afterwards, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted to determine its phytochemical profile. Disk-diffusion and broth microdilution methods were conducted using various concentrations of corn silk extract to determine its antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus mutans. Then, the MIC₅₀ was used as the minimum dose of corn silk extract concentration in mouthwash formulation which qualities controlled by pH and organoleptic tests. The yield of corn silk extracted was 16.17%w/w. The phytochemical profile from TLC showed that flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids were present. Corn silk extract has antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans with MIC₅₀ of 7.2%w/v. Corn silk extract, tween 80, sorbitol, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, oleum menthae piperitae, and distilled water were used in four mouthwash formulas (F1-F4). The pH of all formulas was 5 and the organoleptic test showed that from 30 panelists, the majority chose F2 as the best in terms of taste, color, and smell.